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Argon (chiratidzo Ar, nhamba yeatomu 18) igasi rakanaka rinosiyaniswa neinert, isina ruvara, isinganhuwi, uye isinganakidze maitiro-maitiro anoita kuti ive yakachengeteka kune yakavharwa kana kuvharirwa nharaunda. Inosanganisira ingangoita 0.93% yemhepo yePasi, yakawandisa kupfuura mamwe magasi akanaka senge neon (0.0018%) kana krypton (0.00011%), ichipa mukana wakasarudzika wekushandisa kwakakura. Kugadzikana kwayo kwekemikari kunobva kune yakazara kunze erekitironi goko (eight valence electrons), zvinoreva kuti haitombogadziri makomisheni nezvimwe zvinhu — kunyangwe pakupisa kwakanyanya kana pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Pachiyero chetembiricha nekumanikidza (STP), argon iripo semonatomic gasi (inoumbwa neatomu imwe chete, kusiyana nediatomic okisijeni kana nitrogen), ine nzvimbo yekuvira ye -185.8 ° C uye chando che -189.3 ° C. Aya tembiricha akadzikira-pasi anoreva kuti anoda cryogenic chengetedzo, asi zvakare anoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune maapplication akaita semidziyo inotonhorera inotonhorera, sezvo isingaite nemidziyo kunyangwe ikatonhodzwa kusvika padhuze-zero.

Argon inowanzoparadzaniswa kubva kumhepo kuburikidza nefractional distillation, chaiyo, yakawanda-nhanho maitiro. Kutanga, mhepo yomuchadenga inosefa kuti ibvise huruva, mhute yemvura, uye carbon dioxide—tsvina inogona kukanganisa kutonhora kana kusvibisa chigadzirwa chacho. Zvadaro, mhepo yakanatswa inomanikidzwa uye inotonhodzwa mumhepo inopisa, pakupedzisira inosvika -200 ° C, iyo inoshandura kuva mvura. Mhepo ine mvura iyi inobva yapombwa mushongwe refu yekucheneswa, kwainodziiswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Nemhaka yokuti magasi akasiyana ari mumhepo ane poindi dzinofashaira dzakasiyana-siyana—nitrogen inofashaira pa -195.8°C (yakaderera pane argon), okisijeni pa -183°C (yakakwirira kupfuura argon)—inonyura pamatanho akasiyana eshongwe. Nitrogen gasi rinokwira kumusoro uye rinotanga kuunganidzwa, nepo okisijeni inoramba iri mvura pazasi. Argon, ine nzvimbo yekubikira yepakati, inonamira pakati peshongwe, painobviswa. Iyo argon yakaunganidzwa inozotumirwa kuburikidza nedanho rechipiri rekucheneswa kubvisa chero yakasara nitrogen kana okisijeni, zvichikonzera maindasitiri-giredhi argon (99.99% yakachena) kana ultra-pure argon (99.999% yakachena) yekushandisa yepamusoro-tech.

Kusaziva kweArgon kunoita kuti ive yakakosha kune akawanda maindasitiri. Mumetallurgy, ndiyo yakakosha kudzivirira gasi kune welding maitiro seMIG (Metal Inert Gasi) uye TIG (Tungsten Inert Gasi) welding. Kana ikashandiswa kubatanidza simbi dzakaita sealuminium, simbi isina tsvina, kana titanium, inogadzira chinodzivirira chakatenderedza nzvimbo yeweld, kudzivirira oxidation iyo inonetesa mubatanidzwa kana kukonzera kukanganisa - kwakakosha pakugadzira mafuremu emotokari, zvikamu zvendege, uye zvekuvakisa. Indasitiri yemagetsi inovimba ne-ultra-pure argon kugadzira semiconductors: panguva yekuiswa kwesimbi yakatetepa kana silicon layer pamicrochips, argon inozadza kamuri yekugadzira, ichiona kuti hapana zvidimbu zvemhepo zvinosvibisa masekete akatetepa. Kupfuura indasitiri inorema, argon inowedzera hupenyu hwemagirobhu emwenje incandescent nekunonotsa kubuda kwe tungsten filaments (hupenyu hwemagirobhu akapetwa kaviri kana huchienzaniswa nemagirobhu akazadzwa nemhepo) uye inochengetedza zvigadzirwa zvenhoroondo-sezvinyorwa zvekare kana micheka isina kusimba-mumakesi ekuratidzira mumuseum, apo inotsiva okisijeni kuti irege kuora. Inoitawo basa mukurongedzerwa kwechikafu, kwainosanganiswa nenitrogen kubvisa mweya weokisijeni, kuchengeta zvinhu zvakabikwa, svutugadzike, uye zvibereko zvitsva zviri zvitsva kwenguva refu.

Nezvehupfumi, argon chinhu chakanyanya-kukosha sosi nekuda kwekuwanda kwayo kudiwa uye mutengo wakaderera wekugadzira. Sezvo zvinhu zvayo zvakasvibirira zviri mhepo-isingagumi, yemahara resource-fractional distillation inodhura-inoshanda, kunyanya kana yakabatanidzwa ne nitrogen kana kugadzirwa kweokisijeni (zvinomera zvakawanda zvinoburitsa magasi ese matatu panguva imwe chete, zvichideredza kumusoro). Musika wepasi rose weargon unokosheswa kudarika mabhiriyoni masere emadhora pagore, nekukura kwakasimba kwe5-7% pagore. Kukura uku kunofambiswa nemaindasitiri akaita semotokari (sezvo kugadzirwa kwemotokari yemagetsi kunowedzera, kuchida kuwedzera kukwenenzvera), zvemagetsi (kuwedzera 5G uye semiconductor kugadzira), uye simba rinodzoreredzwa (solar panel kugadzirwa kunoshandisa argon kupfeka photovoltaic masero). Kusiyana nemagasi akasarudzika (krypton inodhura zvakapetwa ka10-20, xenon kakapetwa ka50-100), kugona kweArgon kunoita kuti iwanikwe kune ese mafekitori makuru nemarabhoritari madiki. Sezvo tekinoroji yepasirese uye kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa kuri kukurumidza, kudiwa kweargon kunotarisirwa kukwira zvakanyanya, kusimbisa basa rayo sechinhu chakakosha chinogonesa kukura kwemaindasitiri uye hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji pasi rese.

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