HANGZHOU NUZHUO TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD.

Ma expander anogona kushandisa kuderedza kumanikidzwa kutyaira michina inotenderera. Ruzivo rwekuti ungaongorora sei mabhenefiti angangowanikwa nekuisa extender runogona kuwanikwa pano.
Kazhinji muindasitiri yemakemikari (CPI), "simba rakawanda rinoraswa mumavharuvhu ekudzora kumanikidzwa uko mvura ine simba rakawanda inofanira kuderedzwa kumanikidzwa" [1]. Zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehunyanzvi uye zvehupfumi, zvingave zvakanaka kushandura simba iri kuita simba remakanika rinotenderera, iro rinogona kushandiswa kufambisa majenareta kana mimwe michina inotenderera. Kune mvura isingadzvanyiriri (zvinwiwa), izvi zvinoitwa uchishandisa hydraulic energy recovery turbine (HPRT; ona reference 1). Kune mvura inodzvanyirirwa (magasi), expander muchina wakakodzera.
Zvikurudziro zvemagetsi (Expanders) tekinoroji yakakura ine mashandisirwo akawanda anobudirira akadai sekubvisa mvura mumagetsi (fluid catalytic cracking) (FCC), kutonhora, mavharuvhu emagetsi echisikigo, kupatsanurwa kwemhepo kana kubuda kwemhepo. Chaizvoizvo, chero rwizi rwegasi rune kumanikidzwa kwakaderera runogona kushandiswa kufambisa expander, asi "simba rinobuda rinoenderana zvakananga nehuwandu hwekumanikidzwa, tembiricha uye mwero wekuyerera kwerwizi rwegasi" [2], pamwe nekugona kwehunyanzvi uye kwehupfumi. Kuitwa kweExpander: Maitiro acho anoenderana nezvinhu izvi nezvimwe, zvakaita semitengo yesimba remunharaunda uye kuwanikwa kwemidziyo yakakodzera nemugadziri.
Kunyangwe turboexpander (inoshanda zvakafanana neturbine) iriyo mhando inozivikanwa zvikuru yeexpander (Mufananidzo 1), kune dzimwe mhando dzakakodzera mamiriro akasiyana ekushanda. Chinyorwa chino chinosuma mhando huru dzeexpanders nezvikamu zvavo uye chinopfupikisa kuti mamaneja ekushanda, vapi vemazano kana vaongorori vesimba muzvikamu zvakasiyana zveCPI vanogona sei kuongorora mabhenefiti angangovepo ehupfumi nezvakatipoteredza ekuisa expander.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzema resistance bands dzinosiyana zvikuru mu geometry uye mashandiro. Mhando huru dzinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2, uye mhando yega yega inotsanangurwa muchidimbu pazasi. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, pamwe nemagrafu achienzanisa mamiriro ekushanda kwemhando yega yega zvichibva padhayamita chaiyo uye kumhanya kwakananga, ona Rubatsiro. 3.
Piston turboexpander. Piston ne rotary piston turboexpanders dzinoshanda seinjini yekupisa inotenderera mukati, ichitora gasi rine simba rakawanda uye ichishandura simba rayo rakachengetwa kuita simba rinotenderera kuburikidza ne crankshaft.
Dhonza turbo expander. Chinopa simba chebrake turbine chine kamuri yekuyerera ine mabhaketi akabatana nekunze kwechinhu chinotenderera. Akagadzirwa nenzira imwecheteyo nemavhiri emvura, asi chikamu chemakamuri akabatana chinowedzera kubva pakupinza kuenda pakubuda, zvichibvumira gasi kukura.
Radial turboexpander. Radial flow turboexpanders ine axial inlet uye radial outlet, zvichibvumira gasi kuti rikure ne radially kuburikidza ne turbine impeller. Saizvozvowo, axial flow turbines inowedzera gasi kuburikidza ne turbine wheel, asi divi rekuyerera kwaro rinoramba rakafanana ne axis yekutenderera.
Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa pane radial uye axial turboexpanders, vachikurukura nezvemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, zvikamu, uye hupfumi hwadzo.
Turboexpander inoburitsa simba kubva murwizi rwegasi rine simba rakawanda yorishandura kuita mutoro wekutyaira. Kazhinji mutoro wacho icompressor kana jenareta yakabatana neshaft. Turboexpander ine compressor inodzvanya mvura mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzerwizi rweprocess inoda mvura yakamanikidzwa, nokudaro ichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwechirimwa nekushandisa simba rinenge rashandiswa. Turboexpander ine mutoro wejenareta inoshandura simba kuita magetsi, ayo anogona kushandiswa mune dzimwe nzira dzechirimwa kana kudzoserwa kugrid yemuno kuti itengeswe.
Majenareta eTurboexpander anogona kuve neshaft yekutyaira yakananga kubva pavhiri returbine kuenda kujenareta, kana kuburikidza negiya regiya rinoderedza kumhanya kwekupinda kubva pavhiri returbine kuenda kujenareta kuburikidza nechiyero chegiya. Ma turboexpander ekutyaira zvakananga anopa zvakanakira mukushanda zvakanaka, nhanho uye mari yekugadzirisa. Magearbox turboexpanders anorema uye anoda nhanho yakakura, michina yekuwedzera mafuta, uye kugadziriswa nguva dzose.
Ma turboexpanders anoyerera kuburikidza nemhepo anogona kugadzirwa muchimiro che radial kana axial turbines. Ma radial flow expanders ane axial inlet uye radial outlet zvekuti kuyerera kwegasi kunobuda mu turbine radially kubva ku axis of rotation. Ma axial turbines anobvumira gasi kuyerera axial pamwe chete ne axis of rotation. Ma axial flow turbines anoburitsa simba kubva ku gasi flow kuburikidza ne inlet guide vanes kuenda ku expander wheel, nenzvimbo ye expansion chamber ichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kuti irambe ichimhanya nguva dzose.
Jenareta ye turboexpander ine zvikamu zvikuru zvitatu: vhiri re turbine, mabheyaringi akakosha uye jenareta.
Vhiri reTurbine. Mavhiri eTurbine anowanzo gadzirwa kuti awedzere kushanda zvakanaka kwemhepo. Zvishandiso zvinokanganisa dhizaini yemavhiri eTurbine zvinosanganisira kumanikidzwa kwekupinda/kubuda, tembiricha yekupinda/kubuda, kuyerera kwehuwandu, uye hunhu hwemvura. Kana chiyero chekumanikidzwa chakakwira zvakanyanya kuti chideredzwe muchikamu chimwe chete, turboexpander ine mavhiri eTurbine akawanda inodiwa. Mavhiri ese ari maviri eTurbine eRadial neAxial anogona kugadzirwa seakawanda, asi mavhiri eTurbine eAxial ane kureba kupfupika uye nekudaro akaomesesa. Maturbine eTurbine eRadial ane matanho akawanda anoda gasi kuti ayerere kubva kuAxial kuenda kuRadial uye kudzokera kuAxial, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwekukweshana kupfuura maturbine eAxial flow.
mabheyaringi. Dhizaini yemabheyaringi yakakosha pakushanda zvakanaka kweturboexpander. Mhando dzemabheyaringi dzine chekuita nemagadzirirwo eturboexpander dzinosiyana zvakanyanya uye dzinogona kusanganisira mabheyaringi emafuta, mabheyaringi emafuta, mabheyaringi ebhora echinyakare, uye mabheyaringi emagineti. Nzira yega yega ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira, sezvakaratidzwa muTafura 1.
Vagadziri vazhinji veturboexpander vanosarudza ma "magnetic bearings" se "bearing yesarudzo" yavo nekuda kwezvakanaka zvavo zvakasiyana. Ma "magnetic bearings" anoita kuti zvikamu zve turboexpander zvishande zvisina kukweshana, zvichideredza zvakanyanya mari yekushandisa nekugadzirisa mukati mehupenyu hwemuchina. Akagadzirwawo kuti agone kutsungirira mhando dzakasiyana dzemitoro ye axial ne radial uye mamiriro ekumanikidzwa zvakanyanya. Mari yavo yekutanga yepamusoro inoderedzwa nemitengo yakaderera yehupenyu.
dynamo. Jenareta inotora simba rinotenderera returbine yorishandura kuita simba remagetsi rinobatsira ichishandisa jenareta remagetsi (rinogona kuva jenareta remagetsi rinopinza kana jenareta remagetsi rinogara riripo). Majenareta emagetsi anopinza ane kumhanya kwakaderera, saka mashandisirwo eturbine anomhanyisa anoda gearbox, asi anogona kugadzirwa kuti aenderane ne grid frequency, zvichibvisa kudiwa kwe variable frequency drive (VFD) kuti ipe magetsi anogadzirwa. Majenareta emagetsi anogara aripo, kune rumwe rutivi, anogona kubatanidzwa zvakananga neturbine uye otumira simba kugrid kuburikidza ne variable frequency drive. Jenareta yakagadzirirwa kupa simba rakawanda zvichibva pasimba re shaft riripo musystem.
Zvisimbiso. Chisimbiso ichi chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira sisitimu ye turboexpander. Kuti irambe ichishanda zvakanaka uye inosangana nezvinodiwa nezvakatipoteredza, masisitimu anofanirwa kuvharwa kudzivirira kubuda kwegasi. Zvisimbiso zve turboexpanders zvinogona kupfekedzwa zvisimbiso zvinoshanduka kana kuti zvisingachinji. Zvisimbiso zvinoshanduka, zvakaita se labyrinth seals uye zvisimbiso zvegasi zvakaomeswa, zvinopa chisimbiso chakatenderedza shaft inotenderera, kazhinji pakati pevhiri re turbine, mabheringi nezvimwe zvese zvemuchina uko jenareta iripo. Zvisimbiso zvinoshanduka zvinopera nekufamba kwenguva uye zvinoda kugadziriswa nguva nenguva uye kuongororwa kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvinoshanda nemazvo. Kana zvikamu zvese zve turboexpander zviri muhombe imwe chete, zvisimbiso zvinoshanduka zvinogona kushandiswa kudzivirira chero ma leads anobuda muhombe, kusanganisira jenareta, madhiraivha e magnetic bearing, kana masensa. Zvisimbiso izvi zvinopa dziviriro isingaperi kubva pakubuda kwegasi uye hazvidi kugadziriswa kana kugadziriswa.
Kubva pakuona kwemaitiro, chinodiwa chikuru chekuisa expander ndechekupa gasi rinomanikidzwa zvakanyanya (risingapindi mvura) kune sisitimu ine simba shoma ine kuyerera kwakakwana, kuderera kwesimba uye kushandiswa kuti michina irambe ichishanda zvakanaka. Ma parameter ekushanda anochengetwa padanho rakachengeteka uye rinoshanda zvakanaka.
Panyaya yekuderedza kumanikidzwa, expander inogona kushandiswa kutsiva vharuvhu yeJoule-Thomson (JT), inozivikanwawo sevharuvhu yethrottle. Sezvo vharuvhu yeJT ichifamba nenzira yeisentropic uye expander ichifamba nenzira inenge yeisentropic, yekupedzisira inoderedza enthalpy yegasi uye inoshandura musiyano we enthalpy kuita simba reshaft, nokudaro ichigadzira tembiricha yakaderera yekubuda pane vharuvhu yeJT. Izvi zvinobatsira mumaitiro e cryogenic apo chinangwa chiri chekuderedza tembiricha yegasi.
Kana paine muganho wakaderera patembiricha yegesi inobuda (semuenzaniso, munzvimbo inodzikisa kumanikidzwa kwemhepo uko tembiricha yegesi inofanira kuchengetedzwa pamusoro pechando, hydration, kana tembiricha shoma yekugadzira zvinhu), hita imwe chete inofanira kuwedzerwa. dzora tembiricha yegesi. Kana preheater iri kumusoro kweexpander, imwe simba kubva kugasi rinobuda rinodzoserwawo muexpander, nokudaro zvichiwedzera simba rayo. Mune mamwe magadzirirwo apo kudzorwa kwetembiricha yekubuda kunodiwa, reheater yechipiri inogona kuiswa mushure meexpander kuti ipe kudzora nekukurumidza.
MuMufananidzo 3. Mufananidzo 3 unoratidza dhayagiramu yakapfava yedhayagiramu yekuyerera kwejenareta yekuwedzera ine preheater inoshandiswa kutsiva vharuvhu yeJT.
Mune mamwe maitiro ekugadzirisa, simba rinodzoserwa mu expander rinogona kutamisirwa zvakananga ku compressor. Michina iyi, dzimwe nguva inonzi "commander", inowanzova nematanho ekuwedzera nekudzvanya akabatana neshaft imwe kana kupfuura, iyo inogonawo kusanganisira gearbox yekugadzirisa musiyano wekumhanya pakati pematanho maviri. Inogonawo kusanganisira mota yekuwedzera kuti ipe simba rakawanda kudanho rekudzvanya.
Pazasi pane zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakosha zvinovimbisa kushanda nemazvo uye kugadzikana kwehurongwa.
Vharuvhu inodarika kana vharuvhu inodzikisa kumanikidzwa. Vharuvhu inodarika inobvumira kuti ishande kana turboexpander isiri kushanda (semuenzaniso, yekugadzirisa kana emergency), ukuwo vharuvhu inodzikisa kumanikidzwa ichishandiswa kushanda nguva dzose kupa gasi rakawandisa kana kuyerera kwese kwapfuura kugona kweexpander.
Vharuvhu yekudzima magetsi nekukurumidza (ESD). Mavharuvhu eESD anoshandiswa kudzivirira kufamba kwegasi mu expander panguva yenjodzi kudzivirira kukuvara kwemuchina.
Zvishandiso nezvinodzora. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvekutarisa zvinosanganisira kumanikidzwa kwekupinda nekubuda kwemhepo, mwero wekuyerera kwemhepo, kumhanya kwekutenderera, uye simba rinobuda.
Kutyaira nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Mudziyo uyu unovhara kuyerera kwemvura kuenda kuturbine, zvichiita kuti turbine rotor iderere, nokudaro ichidzivirira michina kubva pakumhanya kwakanyanya nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi ekushanda anogona kukuvadza michina.
Vharuvhu Yekuchengetedza Kumanikidzwa (PSV). MaPSV anowanzoiswa mushure me turboexpander kudzivirira mapaipi nemidziyo ine simba shoma. PSV inofanira kugadzirwa kuti ikwanise kutsungirira matambudziko akaomarara, ayo anowanzo sanganisira kutadza kwevharuvhu yekuvhurika. Kana expander ikaiswa panzvimbo iripo yekuderedza kumanikidzwa, timu yekugadzira maitiro inofanira kuona kana PSV iripo ichipa dziviriro yakakwana.
Chitofu. Mahita anotsiva kudzikira kwetembiricha kunokonzerwa negasi rinopfuura nepaturbine, saka gasi rinofanira kupiswa. Basa rayo guru nderekuwedzera tembiricha yekuyerera kwegasi kuri kukwira kuti tembiricha yegasi irambe ichisiya expander iri pamusoro pemutengo wakaderera. Imwe bhenefiti yekukwidza tembiricha ndeyekuwedzera simba rinobuda pamwe nekudzivirira ngura, condensation, kana hydrates zvinogona kukanganisa ma nozzles emidziyo. Mumasystem ane heat exchangers (sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3), tembiricha yegasi inowanzo dzorwa nekudzora kuyerera kwemvura inopisa mu preheater. Mune mamwe magadzirirwo, flame heater kana electric heater inogona kushandiswa pachinzvimbo che heat exchanger. Mahita anogona kunge atovepo muJT valve station iripo, uye kuwedzera expander kungasada kuisa mamwe maheater, asi kuwedzera kuyerera kwemvura inopisa.
Masisitimu emafuta ekuzora negesi yekusunga. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, ma expander anogona kushandisa magadzirirwo akasiyana ezvisimbiso, izvo zvingada mafuta ekuzora negesi yekusunga. Pazvinenge zvichibvira, mafuta ekuzora anofanira kuchengetedza mhando yepamusoro uye kuchena kana akabatana nemagasi ekugadzira, uye huwandu hwemafuta ekuzora hunofanira kuramba huri mukati mehuwandu hunodiwa hwemabearings akazora. Masisitimu egasi akavharirwa anowanzo shongedzwa nemudziyo wekuzora mafuta kudzivirira mafuta kubva mubhokisi rekuberekera kuti asapinde mubhokisi rekuberekera. Pakushandiswa kwakakosha kwemacompanders anoshandiswa muindasitiri yemahydrocarbon, masisitimu emafuta ekuzora negesi yekusunga anowanzo gadzirwa maererano neAPI 617 [5] Chikamu 4 specifications.
Variable frequency drive (VFD). Kana jenareta iri induction, VFD inowanzo vhurwa kuti igadzirise alternating current (AC) signal kuti ienderane ne utility frequency. Kazhinji, madhizaini akavakirwa pa variable frequency drives ane kushanda kwakanyanya kupfuura madhizaini anoshandisa magiya kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemakanika. Masisitimu akavakirwa paVFD anogonawo kugamuchira shanduko dzakawanda dzemaitiro dzinogona kukonzera shanduko mukumhanya kwe expander shaft.
Kutapurirana. Mamwe madhizaini ekuwedzera simba anoshandisa giya remagetsi kuderedza kumhanya kwekuwedzera simba kusvika pakumhanya kwakarongwa kwejenareta. Mutengo wekushandisa giya remagetsi haunyanyi kushanda zvakanaka uye nekudaro simba rinobuda rakaderera.
Pakugadzirira chikumbiro che quotation (RFQ) che expander, mainjiniya we process anofanira kutanga aona mamiriro ekushanda, kusanganisira ruzivo runotevera:
Mainjiniya emakanika vanowanzo pedzisa magadzirirwo ejenareta yekuwedzera simba uye magadzirirwo achishandisa data kubva kune mamwe mainjiniya. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:
Zvinodiwa zvinofanirawo kusanganisira runyorwa rwemagwaro nemifananidzo yakapihwa nemugadziri sechikamu chemaitiro ekupa muripo uye huwandu hwekupa, pamwe chete nematanho ekuyedza akakodzera sezvinodiwa neprojekiti.
Ruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwunopihwa nemugadziri sechikamu chemaitiro ekupa tender runofanira kusanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera:
Kana chimwe chinhu chiri muchikumbiro chacho chakasiyana nezvakatsanangurwa pakutanga, mugadziri anofanirawo kupa runyorwa rwezvakakanganiswa uye zvikonzero zvekukanganiswa kwacho.
Kana chikumbiro chagamuchirwa, timu yekuvandudza chirongwa inofanira kuongorora chikumbiro chekutevedzera mitemo uye kuona kana kusiyana kwacho kwakakodzera.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvehunyanzvi zvekufunga nezvazvo pakuongorora mazano zvinosanganisira:
Chekupedzisira, ongororo yezvehupfumi inofanira kuitwa. Nekuti sarudzo dzakasiyana dzinogona kukonzera mitengo yakasiyana yekutanga, zvinokurudzirwa kuti ongororo yemari inobuda kana yehupenyu hwese iitwe kuenzanisa hupfumi hwenguva refu hwepurojekiti uye kudzoka kwemari inoiswa. Semuenzaniso, mari yekutanga yakakwira inogona kuderedzwa nekufamba kwenguva refu nekuwedzera kwekubudirira kana kudzikira kwezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza. Ona "Mareferensi" kuti uwane mirairo yerudzi urwu rweongororo. 4.
Mashandisirwo ese e turboexpander-generator anoda kutanga kuverengwa kwesimba rose remagetsi kuti aone huwandu hwesimba riripo rinogona kudzoserwa mune imwe application. Kune turboexpander generator, simba remagetsi rinoverengerwa se isentropic (constant entropy). Iyi ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera ethermodynamic ekufunga nezvemaitiro e adiabatic anodzoreka pasina kukweshana, asi ndiyo nzira chaiyo yekufungidzira simba remagetsi chairo.
Isentropic potential energy (IPP) inoverengerwa nekuwedzera musiyano chaiwo we enthalpy panzvimbo inopinzwa neinobuda ye turboexpander uye kuwedzera mhedzisiro nehukuru hwekuyerera kwesimba. Simba iri richaratidzwa sehuwandu hwe isentropic (Equation (1)):
IPP = ( hinlet – h(i,e)) × ṁ x ŋ (1)
apo h(i,e) iri enthalpy chaiyo tichifunga nezvetembiricha yekubuda kweisentropic uye ṁ iri mwero wekuyerera kwehuwandu.
Kunyangwe isentropic potential energy ichigona kushandiswa kufungidzira simba rinogona kuwanikwa, masisitimu ese chaiwo anosanganisira kukweshana, kupisa, nezvimwe zvinowedzerwa kurasikirwa nesimba. Saka, pakuverenga simba chairo rinogona kuwanikwa, data rinotevera rekuwedzera rinofanira kufungwa nezvaro:
Muzvizhinji zvekushandisa turboexpander, tembiricha inogumira padiki kudzivirira matambudziko asingadiwe akadai sekuoma kwepombi ambotaurwa. Kana gasi rechisikigo richiyerera, mahydrate anowanzo kuvepo, zvichireva kuti pombi iri pasi pe turboexpander kana throttle valve ichaoma mukati nekunze kana tembiricha yekubuda ichidonha pasi pe 0°C. Kuumbwa kwechando kunogona kukonzera kudzikamiswa kwekuyerera uye pakupedzisira kudzima sisitimu kuti inyungudike. Saka, tembiricha yekubuda "inodiwa" inoshandiswa kuverenga mamiriro esimba anogona kuitika. Zvisinei, kumagasi akadai sehydrogen, muganho wetembiricha wakaderera zvikuru nekuti hydrogen haichinji kubva kugasi kuenda kumvura kusvika yasvika patembiricha ye cryogenic (-253°C). Shandisa tembiricha yekubuda iyi kuti uverenge enthalpy chaiyo.
Kushanda zvakanaka kwe turboexpander system kunofanirawo kufungwa nezvako. Zvichienderana netekinoroji inoshandiswa, kushanda zvakanaka kwesystem kunogona kusiyana zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, turboexpander inoshandisa reduction gear kutamisa simba rekutenderera kubva ku turbine kuenda kujenareta ichasangana nekurasikirwa kukuru kwekukweshana kupfuura system inoshandisa direct drive kubva ku turbine kuenda kujenareta. Kushanda zvakanaka kwe turboexpander system kunoratidzwa se percentage uye kunotariswa pakuongorora simba chairo re turboexpander. Simba chairo re power potential (PP) rinoverengerwa seizvi:
PP = (hinlet – hexit) × ṁ x ṅ (2)
Ngatitarisei kushandiswa kwekuderedza kumanikidzwa kwegasi rechisikigo. ABC inoshanda uye inochengetedza nzvimbo yekuderedza kumanikidzwa inotakura gasi rechisikigo kubva papombi huru yoiendesa kumakanzuru emunharaunda. Pachiteshi ichi, kumanikidzwa kwekupinda kwegasi i40 bar uye kumanikidzwa kwekunze i8 bar. Kupisa kwegasi rinopinda rakapfurwa i35°C, izvo zvinopisa gasi kuti ridzivise kuomeswa nechando kwepaipi. Nokudaro, tembiricha yegasi rinobuda inofanira kudzorwa kuitira kuti isadonhe pasi pe0°C. Mumuenzaniso uyu tichashandisa 5°C setembiricha shoma yekubuda kuti tiwedzere safety factor. Mwero wekufamba kwegasi revolumetric rakajairika i50,000 Nm3/h. Kuti tiverenge simba remagetsi, tichafungidzira kuti gasi rese rinoyerera kuburikidza neturbo expander uye toverenga simba guru rinobuda. Fungidzira simba rose rinobuda uchishandisa kuverenga kunotevera: