Vanowedzera vanogona kushandisa kudzvanywa kudzikisira kutyaira kunotenderera michina. Ruzivo rwekuongorora maitiro anogona kubatsira ekuisa extender anogona kuwanikwa pano.
Kazhinji mune zvemakemikari process indasitiri (CPI), "simba rakakura rinotambirwa mukumanikidza kudzora mavhavha uko mvura yakadzvanywa inonyadzisa" [1]. Zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana zvehunyanzvi uye zvehupfumi, zvinogona kunge zvichidikanwa kushandura simba iri kuita simba rekutakura simba, rinogona kushandiswa kutyaira jenji kana mamwe michina inotenderera. Zvekusanzwisisika zvisingaenderwi Zvezvinwiwa zvinomanikidza (magasi), anowedzera mushini akakodzera.
Vanowedzera tekinoroji yakakura ine zvakawanda zvakabudirira zvinoshandiswa senge fluid carling Mune musimboti, chero gasi rwizi rwakaderedzwa runogona kushandiswa kutyaira inowedzera, asi "iyo Simba rinoburitswa zvakananga kuRatio Ratio rwizi" Expander Kuitwa: Maitiro acho anoenderana nezvinhu izvi uye zvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai semitengo yemunharaunda uye kuwanikwa kwemugadziri kwemidziyo yakakodzera.
Kunyangwe iyo turboexpander (inoshanda zvakafanana kune turbine) ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa mhando yeExpander (Mufananidzo 1), kune mamwe marudzi akakodzera mamiriro akasiyana emamiriro ezvinhu. Chinyorwa ichi chinosvitsa mhando huru dzekuwedzera uye zvavakaita uye nekupfupisa mashandiro eminda, mafungiro emanyowa mumagetsi akasiyana eCP.
Kune akawanda marudzi akasiyana ezvekurwisa mabhendi anosiyana zvakanyanya mu geometry uye basa. Mhando huru inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2, uye mhando imwe neimwe inotsanangurwa muchidimbu pazasi. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, pamwe nemirairo inoenzanisa mamiriro ekushanda emhando imwe neimwe zvichienderana neyakafanana neyakafanana neyakafanana neyakafanana neyakajairwa uye kumhanya chaiko, ona rubatsiro. 3.
Piston turboexpander. Pistinon uye rotary piston turboexpanders inoshanda sekutenderera kwemukati momukati menyu injini, kutora gasi rakakwirira-rekumanikidza
Dhonza turbo inowedzera. Iyo brake turbine inowedzera ine kamuri yekufudza inoyerera ine bhaketi yemabhora yakabatanidzwa kune iyo comery yeiyo kutenderera kwechinhu chinotenderera. Ivo vakagadzirwa nenzira imwecheteyo semavhiri emvura, asi muchinjiko wemakamuri enzvimbo yekudyara zvinowedzera kubva kuInlet kuenda kuLelet Kunobuda, uchibvumira gasi kuti iwedzere.
Radial Turboexpander. Radial kuyerera turboxpanders vane axial inlet uye radial kubuda, kubvumira gasi kuti iwedzere radially kuburikidza neTurbine Impeller. Saizvozvo, axial kuyerera turbines inowedzera gasi kuburikidza neye vhiri remarara, asi kutungamira kwekuyerera kunoramba kwakafanana nedemo rekutenderera.
Chinyorwa ichi chinotarisa pane radial uye axial turboexpanders, ichikurukura yavo dzakasiyana-siyana zviyero, zvikamu, uye zvehupfumi.
A turboexpander inobvisa simba kubva kune yakakwirira-yekumanikidza gasi rwizi uye inoshandurazve kuita mutoro wekutyaira. Kazhinji mutoro mukuru compressor kana jenareta zvakabatana nehafu. A turboexpander ine compressor inokoshesa manyoro mune mamwe matanho ehurongwa hwekutenderera hwakatwasuka, nekudaro achiwedzera kugona kwechibereko nekushandisa simba rakapambadzirwa neimwe nzira. A turboexpander ine jenareta mutoro unoshandura simba kuita magetsi, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa mune mamwe mashandiro emubhadharo kana kudzoserwa kune iyo yemuno grid yekutengesa.
Turboexpander generators inogona kuve yakashongedzwa neyakagadziriswa dhizaini kubva kuwiricheya vhiri kune jenareta, kana kuburikidza neGearbox inokonzeresa kukurumidza kubva kuTurbine vhiri kune jenareta kuburikidza negwenzi kuburikidza negwenzi kuburikidza negwenzi. Direct drive turboexpanders inopa zvakanakira zvakanaka mukubudirira, tsoka dzetsoka uye mari yekugadzirisa. Gearbox Turboexpanders ari anorema uye anoda tsoka dzakakura, maLubrication Auxiliary Midziyo, uye kuchengetedza nguva dzose.
Kuyerera-kuburikidza neTurboexpanders inogona kugadzirwa mune fomu yeradi kana axial turbines. Radial Flow anowedzera ane axial inlet uye radial kubuda kwakadaro kuti kuyerera kwegesi kunobuda turbine radially kubva kune axis yekutenderera. Axial turbines inobvumira gasi kuti ifambe kuyerera pamwe chete nedenderedzwa rekutenderera. Axial kuyerera turbines inobvisa simba kubva kugesi kuyerera kuburikidza neiyo inlet gwara rinoenda kune iyo Wedzera vhiri, ine nzvimbo yemuchinjiko yekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kuri kuwedzera kuchengetedza.
A turboexpander jenareta ine zvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha: vhiri renzou, fani dzakakosha uye jenareta.
Turbine vhiri. Turbine mavhiri anowanzogadzirwa chaizvo kuti uwedzere kushanda kweiyo aerodynamic. Kushandiswa kushanduko kunobata turbine vhiri dhizaini inosanganisira inlet / yekubuda kumanikidzwa, inlet / yekubuda kupisa, kuyerera kwehuwandu, uye midziyo yemvura. Kana compression ratio yakakwira kwazvo kuti igadziriswe mune imwe nhanho, turboexpander ine akawanda turbine mavhiri anodikanwa. Ose mese uye axial turbine mavhiri anogadzirwa seyekupedzisira-nhanho-nhanho, asi axial turbine mavhiri ane mapfupi axer axial urefu uye saka anowedzera compact. Multimage Radial Flow Turbines inoda gasi kuti ifambe kubva ku-axial kuti iite uye yekukasira kupaza mari yekudonha kupfuura axial kuyerera.
fani. Kubata dhizaini kunokosha kune kushanda kwakanaka kweiyo turboexpander. Kubereka mhando kune turboexpander kusiyanisa zvakanyanya uye kunogona kusanganisira fani yemafuta, mvura yemafirimu emafirimu, tsika yemitambo, uye magineti fani. Imwe neimwe nzira ine zvayo zvakanakira uye zvakashata, sezvakaratidzwa muTafura 1.
Vazhinji turboexpander Vagadziri vanosarudza magnetic fani seyavo "sarudzo ye" sarudzo "nekuda kwezvakaringana zvakasiyana. Magineti fani anove nechokwadi chekushanda-kusununguka kweiyo turboexpander's deynamic zvikamu, zvakanyanya kuderedza kushanda uye kuchengetedza mari pamusoro pehupenyu hwemuchina. Ivo vakagadzirirwawo kutsungirira huwandu hwakawanda hwenziyo uye radial mitoro uye inowedzera mamiriro. Mari yavo yekutanga yekutanga inogadziriswa neakawanda pasi pehupenyu hwekutenderera mitengo.
Dynamo. Iyo jenareta inotora simba rekutenderera yeiyo turbine uye inoshandurazve kuita simba rinobatsira kushandisa jectromagnetic jenarate Induction generators ine yakadzika yakadhindwa kumhanya, saka yakakwira mhanyisa turbine application inoda giya regidhi, kubvisa kudiwa kweshanduro yekufambisa frequency (VFD) kugovera magetsi akagadzirwa. Kune rimwe risingagumi magrestors, kune rumwe rutivi, rinogona kuve rakananga shaft rakabatanidzwa kune turbine uye kuendesa simba kune iyo grid kuburikidza neyekupedzisira frequency driveency driveency driveency drive. Iyo jenareta yakagadzirirwa kuburitsa simba rakakwana zvichibva pane shaft simba rinowanikwa muhurongwa.
Zvisimbiso. Chisimbiso chacho zvakare chinongedzo chakakomba kana uchironga turboexpander system. Kuti urambe wakanyanya kunaka uye wosangana nemitemo yezvakatipoteredza, masisitimu anofanirwa kuvezwa chisimbiso kuti idzivise kugona kwegasi. Turboexpanders inogona kuve yakashongedzwa neine simba kana zvigadziko zvemukati. Zvisimbiso zvine simba, zvakadai seyakaisa zvisimbiso zvegwenzi uye zviisimbiso zvegesi, ipa chisimbiso chakatenderedza shaft inotenderera, kazhinji pakati pegwenzi remagetsi, fani uye iyo yakasara yemuchina umo jenareta iri. Zvisikwa zvine simba zvinopera nekufamba kwenguva uye zvinoda kugara zvichiramba uye kuongorora kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti vari kushanda nemazvo. Kana zvese zveTurboexpander zvikamu zvirimo mune imwe nzvimbo dzekugara, zviumbwa zvinogona kushandiswa kuchengetedza chero chipi zvacho chiri kuburitsa dzimba, kusanganisira kuJenareta, magineti anoteedzera dhiraivha, kana sensors. Aya maAirtial zvisimbiso zvinopa dziviriro isingaperi kubva kugesi kufumiswa kwegesi uye kushaiwa pasina kugadzirisa kana kugadzirisa.
Kubva pakufunga kwekutarisa, chinonyanya kukosha chekuisa Explating ndeyekudzvinyirira-kudzvinyirira Inoshanda paramita inochengeterwa pane yakachengeteka uye inoshanda.
Panyaya yekumanikidza kuderedza basa, inowedzera inogona kushandiswa kutsiva iyo jule-thomson (JT) vharuvhu, inozivikanwawo sevharuvhu hunotyisa. Sezvo iyo javhu yejt inofamba nenzira isentropic Izvi zvinobatsira muCrogenic maitiro maProces uko chinangwa ndechekuti kuderedza tembiricha yegesi.
Kana paine yakaderera muganho wekunze tembiricha tembiricha (semuenzaniso, mune yekudzikisira tembiricha iyo tembiricha inofanirwa kuchengetwa pamusoro pekusuruvara dzora kupisa kwegasi. Kana preheater inowanikwa kumusoro kweiyo Expander, mamwe esimba kubva kugasi rekudyisa rinopora zvakare mukuwedzera, nekudaro achiwedzera kubuda kwayo simba. Mune mamwe magadzirirwo okunze kudzora kudzora kunodiwa, yechipiri reheater inogona kuiswa mushure mekuwedzera kukupa kukurumidza kudzora.
MuFit. Mufananidzo 3 unoratidza dhizaini yakareruka yeiyo general kuyerera dhizaini yeanowedzera jenareta ine preheater inoshandiswa kutsiva javha yejt.
Mune mamwe maitiro ekugadzirisa, simba rakadzoreredzwa muExpander rinogona kuendeswa zvakananga kune compressor. Iyi michina, dzimwe nguva inonzi "vatungamiriri", kazhinji vane zvikamu zvekumanikidza zvakabatana neyeimwe kana kupfuura shafts, iyo inogona zvakare kusanganisira giya regiya kuti utore mutsauko wekumhanya pakati pematanho maviri. Izvo zvinogona zvakare kusanganisira imwe mota yekuwedzera kupa simba kune simba rekumanikidza.
Pazasi pane zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakosha izvo zvinofanirwa kuverengera kushanda kwakakodzera uye kugadzikana kwehurongwa.
Bypass vharuvhu kana kumanikidza kudzora vharuvhu. Iyo ByPass yevharuvhu inobvumidza kushanda kuti uenderere mberi apo turboexpander isiri yekushandisa
Emergency Shutdown valve (ESD). ESD mavharu macves anoshandiswa kuvharira kuyerera kwegesi muExpander mune emergency kuti adzivise zvekukuvadza.
Zviridzwa uye kudzora. Zvakakosha zvakasiyana kuti utarise zvinosanganisira inlet uye kubuda kumanikidza, kuyerera, kutenderera kumhanya, uye simba rekubuda.
Kutyaira nekunyanyisa kumhanya. Chishandiso chinobviswa kuyerera kune turbine, zvichikonzera turbine Rotor kuti vadzokere pasi, nokudaro vachidzivirira zvishandiso kubva pakunyanyisa kumhanya nekuda kwemamiriro asingatarisirwi idzo dzaigona kukuvadza michina.
Dzvinyiriro yekuchengetedza Valve (PSV). PSVS inowanzoiswa mushure meTurboexpander kuchengetedza mapepa emapipi uye midziyo yekumanikidza. Iyo PSV inofanira kugadzirwa kuti isarudze zvakanyanya kurwadza kwakanyanya, izvo zvinowanzo kusanganisira kutadza kwevharuvhu kuvhura. Kana Expandder inowedzerwa kune iripo yekumanikidza kuderedza chiteshi, iyo nzira yekugadzira timu inofanirwa kuona kana iyo iripo PSV inopa dziviriro yakakwana.
Heater. Vahedheni vanotsiva kudzikisira kwekudziya kwakakonzerwa negesi kunopfuura nepakati pegwenzi, saka gasi rinofanira kufarirwa. Basa rayo guru ndeyekuwedzera tembiricha yekuwedzera kwegasi kuyerera kuti ichengetedze tembiricha yegesi ichisiya inowedzera pamusoro pekukosha kushoma. Kumwe kubatsirwa nekurera tembiricha ndiko kuwedzera mari yekubuda pamwe nekudzivirira kudzora, kudzikisira, kana hydrates iyo inogona kukanganisa midziyo yemazwi. Mune masisitimu ane hutsinye enhamba (sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 3), tembiricha yegesi inowanzo kudzorwa nekudzora kuyerera kwemvura yakadzikira mumugove wePreheater. Mune mamwe magadzirirwo, murazvo wemoto wekutengesa kana magetsi hegeer anogona kushandiswa pachinzvimbo chekupisa. Vahedheni vanogona kuve varipo mune iripo jvavha javhu nzvimbo, uye kuwedzera Expander inogona kunge isingade kuisa mamwe mahedza, asi panzvimbo pekuwedzera kuyerera kwemvura inopisa.
Lubricating mafuta uye seal gasi masisitimu. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, vanowedzera vanogona kushandisa dzakasiyana masimbiso, izvo zvingangoda lubriants uye lalaling magasi. Iko kunoshanda, mafuta ekuremedza anofanirwa kuchengetedza mhando yepamusoro uye kuchena kana achiwonana nema gasi, uye huwandu hwevisikoka dzinofanira kugara mukati meiyo inodiwa yekushandisa yeiyo lubricated fani. Yakavharwa gasi masisitimu inowanzo kuve yakagadzirirwa neye mafuta lubrication kifaa yekudzivirira mafuta kubva kubhokisi rekubereka kubva mukupinda kwebhokisi rekuwedzera. Zvekushandisa zvakakosha zveCompany anoshandiswa muHydrocarbon Indasitiri, Lube Mafuta uye Seal Gasi Masisitimu anowanzogadzirirwa API 617 [5] Chikamu 4 Chimwe Chinyorwa.
Kusiyanisa frequency kutyaira (VFD). Kana iyo jenareta iri, A VFD inowanzo shandurwa kuti igadzirise kuchinjika mari iripo Kazhinji, magadzirirwo anokonzerwa nemusana anofambiswa madhiraivha ane hunyanzvi hwakakwana pane zvigadzirwa zvinoshandisa maGearboxes kana zvimwe zvinhu zvechisimbe. Vfd-based Systems inogonawo kugadzirisa zvakare huwandu hwakakura hwekuita shanduko dzinogona kuguma nekuchinja muExpander Shaft Shaft Shaft Shaft Shaft Shaft Shaft Shan
Kutapurirana. Mamwe magadzirirwo ezvekuwedzera anoshandisa gearbox kuti uderedze kumhanya kwekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kune yakadanidzirwa kumhanya kwejenareta. Mari yekushandisa uchishandisa gearbox yakadzikira pakubata kwakadzika uye saka yakadzika simba rinobuda.
Paunenge uchigadzirira chikumbiro cheQOTation (RFQ) yeExpander, mainjiniya anoita basa anofanira kutanga atanga kuona mamiriro ekushanda, kusanganisira iyo inotevera ruzivo:
Mainjiniya emuchina anowanzo zadza kuwedzera jenarator zvakanangana uye kutaurwa uchishandisa data kubva kune mamwe mainjiniya ekuranga. Aya maInputs anogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:
Zvinyorwa zvinofanirwa kusanganisira runyorwa rwezvinyorwa uye zvidhori zvakapihwa nemugadziri sechikamu cheiyo huru maitiro uye chiyero chekupa, pamwe nemafungiro ekushandisa sezvinodiwa nechirongwa ichi.
Ruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwunopihwa nemugadziri sechikamu cheiyo nyoro maitiro anofanirwa kusanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera:
Kana chero chikamu chechiratidzo chakasiyana kubva kune yekutanga tsanangudzo, mugadziri anofanirawo kupa runyorwa rwekutsauka uye zvikonzero zvekutsauka.
Kamwe chete chikumbiro chikagamuchirwa, timu ye projekiti inofanirwa kuongorora chikumbiro chekuteerera uye kuona kuti misiyano ine hunyanzvi hwakaruramiswa.
Zvimwe zvekufunga nezvehunyanzvi kufunga nezvazvo kuongorora zvirevo zvinosanganisira:
Pakupedzisira, kuongorora kwehupfumi kunofanira kuitwa. Nekuti sarudzo dzakasiyana dzinogona kukonzera mutengo wekutanga wekutanga, zvinokurudzirwa kuti kuyerera kwemari kana kwehupenyu hwekutenderera kufananidzwa kuti uenzanise hupfumi hwehupfumi uye kudzoka pakudyara. Semuenzaniso, yekutanga yekutanga mari inogona kugadziriswa munguva refu nekuwedzera kwechigadzirwa kana kuderedza zvinodiwa pakugadziriswa. Ona "Reference" yemirairo pane ino mhando yekuongorora. 4.
Zvese turboexpander-jenarator application inoda mari yekutanga inokwanisa kuverenga masimba ekuverengera huwandu hwesimba riripo rinogona kuwanikwa mune chimwe chinhu chishandiso. Kune turboexpander jenareta, iyo simba rinogona kuverengerwa seyenentropic (nguva dzose entropy) maitiro. Iyi ndiyo yakanakira yeiyo yeThebrodynamic mamiriro ekufunga nezvekuremedza adiabatic proction pasina kupokana, asi ndiyo nzira chaiyo yekufungidzira iyo chaiyo simba remagetsi rinogona kuitika.
Isentropic inogona kuve simba (IPP) inoverengwa nekuwedzera iyo chaiyo yekunakirwa mutsauko pane iyo inlet uye yekubuda kweiyo turboexpander uye kuwanza mhedzisiro nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekuyerera. Iri simba rinogona kuratidzwa seyenentropic huwandu (equation (1)):
IPP = (Hinlet - h (i, e)) × ṁ x ŋ (1)
Iko h (i, e) ndiyo chaiyo yekubvumirana ichitora iyo isentropic yekubuda kupisa uye ṁ ndiyo huwandu hwakawanda hwekuyerera.
Kunyangwe isentropic inogona kushandiswa kufungidzira simba rinogona kuitika, masisitimu ese echokwadi anosanganisira kukakavara, kupisa, uye kumwe kunhuwa kwesimba. Saka, kana uchiverenga iyo chaiyo simba inogona, iyo inotevera yekuwedzera data inofanira kuiswa muaccount:
Mune yakawanda turboexpander application, tembiricha inogumira kune zvishoma kuti udzivise matambudziko asingadiwe senge pombi kutambirwa. Iko kuyerera kwegasi kwechisikigo, hydrate nguva dzose zviripo, zvichireva kuti pombi yechipisi che turboexpander kana kuvhara kwevhu hakutsungei mukati uye kunze kwekunze kwekunze kudonha pazasi 0 ° C. Ice kuumbwa kunogona kuguma nekuyerera kurambidzwa uye pakupedzisira kuvhara iyo system yekuita deflost. Nekudaro, iyo "yaunoda" tembiricha yekudziya inoshandiswa kuverenga zvimwe zvinhu zvine hungwaru simba. Nekudaro, kune magasi akadai saHydrogen, iyo tembiricha muganho yakaderera nekuti hydrogen haina kuchinja kubva kugesi kuenda kuCryogenic tembiricha (-253 ° C). Shandisa izvi zvaunoda zvekunze tembiricha kuti uverenge enthlpy chaiyo.
Kubudirira kweiyo turboxpander system inofanirwawo kutariswa. Zvichienderana neTekinoroji inoshandiswa, kushanda kwesystem kunogona kusiyana zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, turboexpander iyo inoshandisa gadziriso yekudzikisira kutamisa renji renzvimbo kubva ku turbine kune jenareta inowana kurasikirwa kwekurasikirwa kune hurongwa hunoshandisa dhizaini kubva ku turbareta kune jenareta. Kubudirira kwakawanda kweiyo turboexpander system kunoratidzwa sepesenti uye inoenderana kana kuongorora iyo chaiyo yemagetsi inogona kuitika yeTurboexpander. Iyo chaiyo yemagetsi inogona (PP) inoverengwa seinotevera:
Pp = (hinlet - hexit) × ṁ x ṅ (2)
Ngatitarisei kushandiswa kwechisikigo gasi rekumanikidza kwesununguko. ABC inoshanda uye inochengetedza kuderedzwa kwekudzvinyirira kwekutakura gasi rechisikigo kubva pipipi huru uye kugovera kune zvemunharaunda. Pane ichi chiteshi, iyo gasi inclan kudzvinyirira ndeye 40 bar uye kudzvinyirira kune 8 bara. Iyo yakapararira yekupinda kwegesi tembiricha ndeye 35 ° C, iyo preheats iyo gasi kudzivirira pombi inotonhora. Naizvozvo, tembiricha yegesi yekudziya inofanira kudzorwa kuitira kuti isadonha pazasi 0 ° C. Mumuenzaniso uyu tinoshandisa 5 ° C seyekudziya kushoma kupisa kuti uwedzere kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza. Iyo yakajairika volumetric gasi kuyerera chiyero ndeye 50,000 nm3 / h. Kuti tiverenge zvakanaka mukana, tichafungidzira kuti gasi rese rinoyerera kuburikidza neTurbo inowedzera uye kuverenga iyo yakakwira simba rekubuda. Fungidzira huwandu hwakazara hwemagetsi hunogona kushandisa kuverenga kunotevera kuverenga:
Kutumira Nguva: May-25-2024