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| Chigadzirwa | Nitrogen |
| Fomura yemamorekuru: | N2 |
| Kurema kwemamorekuru: | 28.01 |
| Zvinhu zvinokuvadza: | Nitrogen |
| Njodzi dzehutano: | nitrogen yakawanda mumhepo yakakwira zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoderedza kumanikidzwa kwemhepo inofema, zvichikonzera kushaya hope uye kushaya mweya. Kana huwandu hwenitrogen inofema husina kukwira zvakanyanya, murwere pakutanga ainzwa kusimba kwechipfuva, kushaya mweya, uye kushaya simba; ipapo paiva nekutsamwa, kufara kwakanyanya, kumhanya, kudanidzira, kusafara, uye kufamba kusina kugadzikana. Kana kuti coma. Fema huwandu hwakawanda, varwere vanogona kukurumidza coma uye kufa nekuda kwekufema nekurova kwemoyo. Kana mudhiraivha akatsiva zvakadzama, nitrogen inogona kubatwa neanesthesia; kana ikachinjwa kubva munzvimbo ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kuenda kunzvimbo ine kumanikidzwa kwakajairika, nitrogen bubble inoumbwa mumuviri, inodzvinyirira tsinga, mitsipa yeropa, kana kukonzera kuvharika kwetsinga dzeropa, uye "chirwere chekudzikamisa" chinoitika. |
| Njodzi yekupisa: | Nitrogen haibati. |
| Fema: | Buda panzvimbo iyi nekukurumidza kuti uwane mhepo yakachena. Chengeta nzira yekufema yakavhurika. Kana kufema kwakaoma, ipa mweya wekufema. Kana kurova kwemoyo kwekufema kwamira, kurumidza kuita kuvhiyiwa kwekufema kwekugadzira uye kuvhiyiwa kwemoyo wechipfuva kuti uwane rubatsiro rwechiremba. |
| Hunhu hune njodzi: | Kana ikasangana nefivha yakanyanya, kumanikidzwa kwemukati memudziyo kunowedzera, uye iri munjodzi yekutsemuka nekuputika. |
| Zvinokuvadza zvinopisa: | Gesi reNitrogen |
| Nzira yekudzima moto: | Chigadzirwa ichi hachisi kutsva. Chinobvisa mudziyo kubva pamoto kuenda kunzvimbo yakashama zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uye mvura inopfapfaidza mudziyo wemoto inotonhorera kusvika moto wapera. |
| Kurapa kwekukurumidzira: | Bvisai vashandi munzvimbo dzine tsvina nekukasika, movaparadzanisa, muchidzivirira kupinda nekubuda. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vashandi vekurapa nekukurumidzira vapfeke ma respirators anozvigadzirira uye mbatya dzebasa. Edzai kunobva mvura inodonha zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Kufema kwakanaka uye kukurumidzisa kupararira kwayo. Mudziyo unobuda mvura unofanira kubatwa nemazvo, wozoshandiswa mushure mekugadzirisa nekuongorora. |
| Matanho ekudzivirira mashandiro: | Kushanda zvine chekuita neizvi. Kushanda zvine chekuita neizvi kunoita kuti mhepo ipinde zvakanaka. Mushandi anofanira kunyatsotevedzera maitiro ekushanda mushure mekudzidziswa kwakakosha. Kudzivirira kubuda kwegasi mumhepo kubasa. Inwa mvura woburitsa zvinhu zvishoma panguva yekubata kuti usakuvadze masirinda nezvimwe zvinhu. Yakashongedzerwa nemidziyo yekurapa inodonha nekukurumidzira. |
| Zvidziviriro zvekuchengetedza: | Chengeta mudura rinotonhorera, rine mhepo inofefetera. Usapinda mumoto nekupisa. Kuken haifanirwe kudarika 30°C. Panofanira kunge paine michina yekurapa nekukurumidzira inobuda mvura munzvimbo yekuchengetera. |
| TLVTN： | Gasi reACGIH rekufema |
| kutonga kweinjiniya: | Kushanda zvine hanya. Ita kuti mhepo ipinde zvakanaka. |
| Dziviriro yekufema: | Kazhinji hapana dziviriro yakakosha inodiwa. Kana huwandu hweokisijeni mumhepo munzvimbo yekuvhiyira huri pasi pe18%, tinofanira kupfeka maair respirators, oxygen respirators kana machira marefu echubhu. |
| Dziviriro yemaziso: | Kazhinji hapana dziviriro yakakosha inodiwa. |
| Dziviriro yemuviri: | Pfeka mbatya dzebasa. |
| Dziviriro yeruoko: | Pfeka magirovhosi ekudzivirira mabasa. |
| Zvimwe zvekudzivirira: | Dzivisai kufema zvine mwero wakanyanya. Kupinda mumatangi, nzvimbo diki kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzine mwero wakanyanya kuzara kunofanira kutariswa. |
| Zvishandiso zvikuru: | Zviri mukati: nitrogen yakachena kwazvo ≥99.999 %; nhanho yekutanga yeindasitiri ≥99.5 %; nhanho yechipiri ≥98.5 %. |
| Chitarisiko | Gasi risina ruvara uye risina hwema. |
| Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka (℃): | -209.8 |
| Pokufashaira (℃): | -195.6 |
| Kuwanda kwemvura (mvura = 1): | 0.81(-196℃) |
| Kuwanda kwemhepo ine utsi (mhepo = 1): | 0.97 |
| Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakazara (KPA): | 1026.42(-173℃) |
| Kupisa (kj/mol): | hazvina musoro |
| Tembiricha yakakosha (℃): | -147 |
| Kumanikidzwa kwakasimba (MPA): | 3.40 |
| Poindi yekupenya (℃): | hazvina musoro |
| Kupisa tembiricha (℃): | hazvina musoro |
| Muganho wepamusoro wekuputika: | hazvina musoro |
| Muganho wakaderera wekuputika: | hazvina musoro |
| Kunyunguduka: | Inonyunguduka zvishoma mumvura uye mune ethanol. |
| Chinangwa chikuru: | Inoshandiswa kugadzira ammonia, nitric acid, inoshandiswa sechinodzivirira, uye inotonhora. |
| Chepfu yakanyanya: | Ld50: Hapana ruzivo LC50: Hapana ruzivo |
| Zvimwe zvinokuvadza: | Hapana ruzivo |
| Nzira yekurasa kubvisa: | Ndapota tarisai mitemo yenyika neyemunharaunda yakakodzera musati marara. Gasi rinobuda mumhepo rinoburitswa zvakananga. |
| Nhamba yekutakura zvinhu zvine njodzi: | 22005 |
| Nhamba yeUN: | 1066 |
| Chikamu chekurongedza: | O53 |
| Nzira yekurongedza: | Silinda yegesi yesimbi; mabhokisi emapuranga akajairwa ari kunze kwebhodhoro remaampoule. |
| Nzira dzekudzivirira pakufambisa: | |
Nzira yekuwana sei gasi renitrogen rakachena kubva kumhepo?
1. Nzira yekuparadzanisa mhepo ine cryogenic
Nzira yekuparadzanisa Cryogenic yakapfuura makore anopfuura zana ekuvandudzwa, uye yakasangana nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekuita senge high voltage, high voltage nelow voltage, medium pressure, uye full low voltage process. Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yemazuva ano yemhepo nemidziyo, maitiro e high voltage, high nelow pressure, uye medium-voltage vacuum akabviswa zvakanyanya. Maitiro ekudzikisa kudzvanywa kwakaderera ane simba shoma uye kugadzirwa kwakachengeteka kwave sarudzo yekutanga yemidziyo mikuru nepakati-tembiricha yakaderera. Maitiro ese ekuparadzanisa mhepo ine low voltage akakamurwa kuita maitiro ekudzvanywa kwekunze uye maitiro ekudzvanywa kwemukati zvichienderana nekubatana kwakasiyana kweokisijeni nenitrogen zvigadzirwa. Maitiro ese ekudzvanywa kwekunze ane low pressure anogadzira low pressure okisijeni kana nitrogen, uye obva adzvanya gasi rechigadzirwa kudzvinyiriro inodiwa kuti ipe mushandisi kuburikidza necompressor yekunze. Kudzvanywa kwakazara mu low pressure process yekudzvanywa kwemhepo ine low pressure. Okisijeni yemvura kana nitrogen yemvura inogadzirwa ne distillation inogamuchirwa nemapombi emvura mubhokisi rinotonhora kuti ipfave mushure mekudzvanywa kunodiwa nemushandisi, uye mushandisi anopihwa mushure mekudziya zvakare muchishandiso chikuru chekuchinjana kupisa. Maitiro makuru ekusefa, kudzvanya, kutonhodza, kuchenesa, kudzvanya zvakanyanya, kuwedzera, kudiridza, kupatsanura, kubatanidza kupisa, uye kuburitsa mweya usina kubikwa kunze.
2. nzira yekudhonza mvura ne pressure swing (PSA method)
Nzira iyi yakavakirwa pamhepo yakamanikidzwa sezvinhu zvakabikwa. Kazhinji, kuongorora mamorekuru kunoshandiswa semushonga unonyungudutsa. Pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakati, musiyano wekunyudzwa kwemamorekuru eokisijeni nenitrogen mumhepo mumasefa akasiyana emorekuru unoshandiswa. Mukuunganidzwa kwegasi, kupatsanurwa kweokisijeni nenitrogen kunoitwa; uye chinhu chinonyungudutsa mamorekuru chinoongororwa uye chinodzokororwa mushure mekubviswa kwekumanikidzwa.
Pamusoro pemasefa emamorekuru, ma adsorbents anogonawo kuisa alumina nesilicone.
Parizvino, mudziyo unoshandiswa zvakanyanya kugadzira nitrogen unoshandiswa ne transformer unobva pamhepo yakamanikidzwa, carbon molecular sieve se adsorbent, uye unoshandisa mutsauko we adsorption capacity, adsorption rate, adsorption force ye oksijeni ne nitrogen pama carbon molecular sieves uye Different stress ine hunhu hwakasiyana hwe adsorption capacity kuti iwane oksijeni ne nitrogen separation. Chekutanga pane zvese, okisijeni iri mumhepo inokosheswa nema carbon molecules, ayo anopfumisa nitrogen mu gas phase. Kuti nitrogen iwanikwe nguva dzose, panodiwa ma adsorption tower maviri.
Kushandiswa
1. Hunhu hwemakemikari hwenitrogen hwakagadzikana uye kazhinji hahupinduri kune zvimwe zvinhu. Hunhu uhwu husina simba hunobvumira kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakawanda dzisina mweya, dzakadai sekushandisa nitrogen kutsiva mhepo iri mumudziyo chaiwo, iyo inoita basa rekuparadzanisa, kudzivirira moto, kudzivirira kuputika, uye kudzivirira ngura. LPG engineering, mapombi egasi uye ma network ebronchial ane mvura inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri nekushandiswa kwevanhuwo zvavo [11]. Nitrogen inogonawo kushandiswa mukurongedza zvekudya zvakagadzirwa nemishonga sekuvhara magasi, kuvhara tambo, tambo dzefoni, uye matai erabha ane pressurized anogona kuwedzera. Semhando yekuchengetedza, nitrogen inowanzo tsiviwa nepasi pevhu kuti ideredze ngura inokonzereswa nekubatana pakati pechubhu column ne stratum fluid.
2. Nitrogen yakachena kwazvo inoshandiswa mukugadzira simbi kuti ichenese kunyunguduka kwesimbi kuti ivandudze kunaka kwekukanda kusina chinhu. Gasi, rinodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya kwemhangura, rinochengetedza pamusoro pezvinhu zvemhangura, uye rinobvisa maitiro ekubika. Gasi remoto wecharcoal rakagadzirwa nenitrogen (muumbirwo waro ndewe: 64.1%N2, 34.7%CO, 1.2%H2 uye huwandu hushoma hweCO2) segasi rinodzivirira panguva yekunyunguduka kwemhangura, kuitira kuti pamusoro pekunyunguduka kwemhangura pashandiswe mhando yechigadzirwa.
3. Inenge 10% yenitrogen inogadzirwa semuchina wekuisa mufiriji, inonyanya kusanganisira: inowanzoita serabha yakapfava kana yakafanana, rabha yekugadzirisa mutembiricha yakaderera, kutonhora uye kuiswa, uye sampuli dzezvipenyu, dzakadai sekuchengetedza ropa mukutakura.
4. Nitrogen inogona kushandiswa kugadzira nitric oxide kana nitrogen dioxide kugadzira nitric acid. Nzira iyi yekugadzira yakakura uye mutengo wayo wakaderera. Pamusoro pezvo, nitrogen inogona kushandiswawo kugadzira synthetic ammonia uye metal nitride.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-09-2023
