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Nitrogen yemvura, ine fomura yemakemikari N₂, imvura isina ruvara, isina hwema, uye isina chepfu inowanikwa nekuita kuti nitrogen ive inonyunguduka kuburikidza nemaitiro ekutonhodza zvakadzama. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutsvagisa kwesainzi, mishonga, maindasitiri, uye kuomesa chikafu nekuda kwekupisa kwayo kwakaderera uye mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana. Saka, nitrogen yemvura inogadzirwa sei? Chinyorwa chino chichapa mhinduro yakadzama kumubvunzo uyu kubva pazvinhu zvakati wandei: kuburitswa kwenitrogen, nzira yekuparadzanisa mhepo inotonhodza yakadzika, maitiro ekugadzira nitrogen yemvura, uye mashandisirwo ayo anoshanda.

Kubviswa kwenitrogen

Kugadzirwa kwenitrogen yemvura kunoda danho rekutanga rekuwana nitrogen yakachena. Nitrogen ndiyo chinhu chikuru chemhepo yepasi, ichipa 78% yehuwandu hwemhepo. Kubvisa nitrogen kunowanzoitwa uchishandisa tekinoroji yekuparadzanisa mhepo inotonhora yakadzika kana nzira dze pressure swing adsorption (PSA). Kuparadzanisa mhepo inotonhora yakadzika ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa mumaindasitiri. Nekudzvanya nekutonhodza mhepo, inoparadzanisa okisijeni, nitrogen, nezvimwe zvikamu zvegasi patembiricha dzakasiyana. Nzira ye pressure swing adsorption inoshandisa hunhu hwakasiyana hwe adsorption hwemagasi akasiyana, zvichiita kuti nitrogen ive yakachena kwazvo kuburikidza nekutenderera kwe adsorption ne desorption. Nzira idzi dzinovimbisa kuchena uye kunaka kwenitrogen sezvinhu zvekugadzira nitrogen yemvura.

Nzira yekuparadzanisa mhepo inotonhora yakadzika

Nzira yekuparadzanisa mhepo inotonhora yakadzika ndeimwe yematanho akakosha mukugadzirwa kwenitrogen yemvura. Nzira iyi inoshandisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekufashaira dzemagasi ari mumhepo kuti anyungudike uye anyungudike zvishoma nezvishoma nitrogen, okisijeni, nezvimwe zvikamu zvegasi. Nzvimbo yekufashaira yenitrogen iri -195.8℃, nepo yeoxygen iri -183℃. Nekudzikisa tembiricha zvishoma nezvishoma, okisijeni inotanga yanyungudika uye yaparadzaniswa nemamwe magasi, zvichisiya chikamu chasara senitrogen yakachena kwazvo. Zvadaro, nitrogen iyi inotonhodzwa zvakare pasi penzvimbo yayo yekufashaira kuti inyungudike kuita nitrogen yemvura, inova ndiyo musimboti wekuumbwa kwenitrogen yemvura.

Maitiro ekugadzira nitrogen yemvura

Maitiro ekugadzira nitrogen yemvura anosanganisira matanho makuru akati wandei: Chekutanga, mhepo inomanikidzwa uye inocheneswa kubvisa tsvina yakaita semvura necarbon dioxide; wobva watonhodzwa, kazhinji kusvika pa -100℃ kuti ivandudze kushanda kwayo; chinotevera, kupatsanurwa kwakadzika kunoitwa, kutonhora zvishoma nezvishoma gasi kusvika pakupisa kwenitrogen kuti riwane gasi renitrogen yemvura. Mukuita uku, zvinochinja-chinja kupisa uye zvidimbu zvezvikamu zvinoita basa rakakosha mukuona kuti zvikamu zvakasiyana zvinoparadzaniswa zvakanaka pakupisa kwakakodzera. Chekupedzisira, gasi renitrogen yemvura rinochengetwa mumidziyo yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza tembiricha yakaderera uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa nekuvapo kwemhepo.

Matambudziko ehunyanzvi mukuumbwa kwenitrogen yemvura

Kuumbwa kwenitrogen yemvura kunoda kukunda matambudziko akati wandei ehunyanzvi. Chekutanga ndechekuchengetedza nzvimbo ine tembiricha yakaderera, sezvo pombi yekufashaira yenitrogen yemvura yakaderera zvikuru. Munguva yekunyungudika kwemvura, zvakakosha kuchengetedza tembiricha iri pasi pe -195.8℃, izvo zvinoda michina yekufiriji inoshanda zvakanyanya uye zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa. Chechipiri, panguva yekutonhora kwakadzika, kuunganidzwa kwakawandisa kweokisijeni kunofanirwa kudzivirirwa nekuti okisijeni yemvura ine hunhu hwakasimba hwekuoxida uye inogona kukonzera njodzi dzekuchengetedza. Naizvozvo, panguva yekugadzira, nzira yekuparadzanisa nitrogen-oxygen inofanira kudzorwa nemazvo, uye zvinhu zvakakodzera zvinofanirwa kushandiswa kuona kuchengetedzeka uye kugadzikana kwehurongwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kutakurwa nekuchengetwa kwenitrogen yemvura kunoda maflasks akagadzirwa zvakananga eDewar kudzivirira kukwira kwekushisa uye kurasikirwa nekuvapo kwenitrogen yemvura.

Mashandisirwo chaiwo enitrogen yemvura

Hunhu hwenitrogen yemvura husina kupisa kwakanyanya hunoita kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana. Mukurapa, nitrogen yemvura inoshandiswa mukuvhiya nekuchengetedza mapfupa, zvakaita sekuomesa ganda nekuchengetedza sampuli dzezvipenyu. Muindasitiri yezvikafu, nitrogen yemvura inoshandiswa pakuomesa chikafu nekukurumidza, sezvo nzvimbo yayo yekupisa yakaderera zvikuru inogona kuomesa chikafu nekukurumidza, zvichideredza kukuvara kwechimiro chemasero uye nokudaro ichichengetedza kunaka kwepakutanga uye kudya kunovaka muviri kwechikafu. Mundima yekutsvagisa, nitrogen yemvura inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutsvagisa kwe superconductivity, kuyedza fizikisi yekupisa yakaderera, nezvimwewo, zvichipa nzvimbo yekuyedza yakaderera zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, mukugadzira maindasitiri, nitrogen yemvura inoshandiswa mukugadziriswa kwesimbi, kurapwa kwekupisa, uye segasi risingashande kudzivirira mamwe maitiro emakemikari kuti asaitike. Mhedziso

Maitiro ekuumbwa kwenitrogen yemvura ibasa rakaoma, rinowanikwa zvikuru kuburikidza nenzira dzekuparadzanisa mhepo inotonhora zvakanyanya uye matekinoroji ekuita kuti mvura itsvuke. Hunhu hwenitrogen yemvura inotonhora zvishoma hunoita kuti iite basa guru muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita semaindasitiri, mishonga, uye tsvakurudzo. Kubva pakuburitsa gasi renitrogen kusvika pakunyungudutsa mvura inotonhora zvakanyanya uye pakupedzisira kusvika pakushandiswa kwayo, nhanho imwe neimwe inoratidza simba rematekinoroji epamusoro ekutonhodza nekuparadzanisa. Mukushanda kwechokwadi, mainjiniya vanofanirwawo kuramba vachivandudza maitiro ekugadzira kuti vaderedze kushandiswa kwesimba uye vawedzere kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira nitrogen yemvura.

Isu tiri vagadziri uye vanotumira kunze kwenyika vechikamu chekuparadzanisa mhepo. Kana muchida kuziva zvakawanda nezvedu:

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