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Nitrogen yemvura neokisijeni yemvura zvinhu zviviri zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri nekutsvaga. Chimwe nechimwe chine mashandisirwo azvo akasiyana uye akasiyana. Zvese zvinogadzirwa kuburikidza nekupatsanurwa kwemhepo, asi nekuda kwehunhu hwazvo hwemakemikari nehwemuviri, zvine hunhu hwakasiyana mukushandiswa kwazvo. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora mashandisirwo chaiwo enitrogen yemvura neokisijeni yemvura uye kusiyana kwadzo.

I. Kushandiswa kweNitrogen yeLiquid

Nitrogen yemvura inowanikwa nekutonhodza mhepo kusvika pasi pemvura inofashaira yenitrogen. Chinhu chikuru chayo igesi yenitrogen (N₂). Hunhu hwenitrogen yemvura inodziya hunoita kuti ishande zvakanyanya, kunyanya kusanganisira zvinotevera:

Kuomesa nekuchengetedza kunopisa zvishoma

Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa dzemvura inonzi liquid nitrogen ndeyekuomesa nekuchengetedza pakupisa kushoma, kunyanya munyaya dze biomedicine. Tembiricha yemvura inonzi liquid nitrogen yakaderera kusvika −196°C, iyo inogona kukurumidza kuomesa matishu ehupenyu, masero, uye maembryo uye ichiachengetedza kwenguva yakareba, zvichiita kuti ashande. Mashandisirwo aya akakosha zvikuru mukutsvagisa kwezvokurapa, kuisirwa nhengo, uye kuberekeswa kwemhuka kuyedzwa.

Kuomesa chikafu nechando

Mubasa rekugadzira chikafu, nitrogen yemvura inoshandiswa kukurumidza kuomesa chikafu, senge hove, nyama, nemichero. Kuomesa nitrogen yemvura kunogona kuderedza tembiricha yechikafu nekukurumidza, nokudaro zvichideredza kuumbwa kwemakristaro echando uye kudzivirira kuravira uye kukosha kwekudya kwechikafu.

Kutonhodza uye kufiriji

Nitrogen yemvura inoshandiswawo pakutonhodza nekutonga tembiricha yemidziyo yemakanika. Semuenzaniso, nitrogen yemvura inogona kushandiswa senzira yekutonhodza kuderedza kukweshana nekupisa mukugadzirwa kwemakanika, nokudaro ichivandudza kururama kwekugadzirwa uye kushanda zvakanaka.

Mashandisirwo eNitrogen ine Gasi: Nitrogen ine Mvura inogonawo kupa nitrogen ine Gasi rakachena kwazvo mushure mekupiswa, iro rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemakemikari segasi rinodzivirira mhedzisiro yezvinhu zvinokuvadza kubva mu oxidation.

II. Mashandisirwo eOxygen yeLiquid

Chinhu chikuru cheokisijeni yemvura iokisijeni (O₂), iyo inowanikwawo kuburikidza netekinoroji yekuparadzanisa yakadzika yecryogenic. Okisijeni, sechinhu chakakosha chekutsigira hupenyu uye maitiro emakemikari, ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, anonyanya kuratidzwa muzvikamu zvinotevera:

Kuwanikwa kweokisijeni yekurapa

Okisijeni yemvura inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvipatara nepanzvimbo dzekukurumidzira, ichipa okisijeni yakawanda kuvarwere kuti vabatsire kufema. Kunyanya mukurapa zvirwere zvekufema, kupiwa kweokisijeni kwakakosha. Okisijeni yemvura idiki, ine okisijeni yakawanda, iri nyore kuichengeta nekutakura, uye ndeimwe yemhando dzinofarirwa dzekupihwa okisijeni yekurapa.

Chinokonzera oxidant mumaindasitiri

Okisijeni yemvura inowanzo shandiswa se oxidant muindasitiri, kunyanya mukunyungudutsa simbi uye kugadzirwa kwemakemikari. Okisijeni yemvura inogona kushandiswa kubatsira pakupisa, kuwedzera tembiricha yekupisa uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekuita. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzira simbi, okisijeni inopinzwa mumvura yesimbi yakanyungudutswa kubvisa tsvina uye kuvandudza kuchena kwesimbi.

Kufambisa ndege neroketi

Okisijeni yemvura inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukusimudzira maroketi, inosanganiswa nemafuta emvura (akadai sehydrogen yemvura) pakupisa, zvichigadzira simba rakawanda rekusundidzira maroketi muchadenga. Hunhu hwayo hwakanaka hwekusimbisa hunoita kuti okisijeni yemvura ive chinhu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yendege.

III. Musiyano uripo pakati peNitrogen yemvura neOxygen yemvura

Kunyangwe kushandiswa kwenitrogen yemvura neoxygen yemvura kwakasiyana, kune musiyano mukuru muhunhu uye mashandisirwo azvo.

1. Musanganiswa: Nitrogen yemvura ine gasi renitrogen (N₂), nepo okisijeni yemvura ine gasi reoxygen (O₂).

2. Kuwanda: Nitrogen yemvura ine simba kupfuura oxygen yemvura.

3. Pokufashaira: Nitrogen yemvura ine pokufashaira yakaderera pane oxygen yemvura.

4. Mashandisirwo: Nitrogen yemvura inowanzo shandiswa pakuomesa nekuchengetedza, nepo okisijeni yemvura ichinyanya kushandiswa se oxidant uye propellant.

Nitrogen yemvura haina simba, ine chimiro chakasimba chemorekuru chinoita kuti isakwanise kusangana nemakemikari nezvimwe zvinhu. Hunhu uhwu hunoibvumira kushandiswa segasi rinodzivirira uye kushandiswa mumabasa akawanda emakemikari nemaindasitiri. Kune rumwe rutivi, okisijeni yemvura isimba guru re oxidizer rine reactivity yakawanda yemakemikari, uye rinowanzoita oxidation yakanyanya nezvimwe zvinhu, zvichiita kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya mumabasa ekupisa uye oxidation.

Hunhu hwekupisa

Kufashaira kwenitrogen yemvura kwakaderera pane kweoxygen yemvura (nitrogen yemvura -196°C, oxygen yemvura -183°C), zvichiita kuti ikodzere kutonhora nekuchengetedzwa patembiricha yakaderera. Kunyangwe oxygen yemvura iri muboka rezvinwiwa zvine cryogenic, mashandiro ayo ekupisa kwakaderera haana kunaka senitrogen yemvura. Nokudaro, oxygen yemvura inonyanya kushandiswa pakupisa uye okisijeni pane kuchengetedza cryogenic.

Nitrogen yemvura yakachengeteka kushandisa nekuti haiwanzoitiki nemakemikari. Njodzi huru kukuvara kwechando nekuda kwekupisa kwakaderera uye kutsiva okisijeni munzvimbo, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kushaya mweya. Kunyange zvazvo okisijeni yemvura, semushonga wekuoxidizer, inofanira kuchengetedzwa kure nezvinhu zvinobvira moto zvakaita semafuta kudzivirira tsaona dzemoto nekuputika. Nokudaro, inoda kungwarira kwakanyanya panguva yekushandisa.

Nitrogen yemvura neokisijeni yemvura zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvinopisa zvishoma. Kunyangwe zvese izvi zvichigadzirwa nekupatsanurwa kwemhepo, nekuda kwehunhu hwazvo hwemakemikari nehwemuviri hwakasiyana, nzvimbo dzazvinoshandisa dzine chinangwa chakasiyana. Nitrogen yemvura, ine hunhu hwayo hwekusapinda uye hunhu hwekupisa hushoma, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuchengetedza chando, kugadzira chikafu, uye kutonhora kwemaindasitiri, nezvimwewo. Kunyange zvazvo okisijeni yemvura, ichivimba nehunhu hwayo hwekuoxida, inonyanya kushandiswa mukupa okisijeni yekurapa, okisijeni yemaindasitiri, uye kufamba kwemhepo, nezvimwewo. Mukushanda kwechokwadi, kushandiswa kwenitrogen yemvura neokisijeni yemvura kunoda kutariswa kwakazara kwehunhu hwazvo uye kuchengetedzeka kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvinoshandiswa zvakanaka.

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