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Liquid okisijeni imvura yebhuruu yakachenuruka pane tembiricha yakaderera, ine density yakakura uye yakaderera zvakanyanya. Nzvimbo yekuvira yeokisijeni yemvura ndeye -183 ℃, inoita kuti igadzikane munzvimbo dzakadzika-tembiricha zvichienzaniswa neokisijeni ine gasi. Muchimiro chemvura, kuwanda kweokisijeni kunosvika 1.14 g/cm³, zvichiita kuti okisijeni yemvura ive nyore kuchengeta nekutakura pane mweya weokisijeni. Liquid okisijeni haingove neiyo yakakwira okisijeni chete asiwo ine yakasimba oxidizing zvimiro, inokwanisa kukurumidza kuita neakawanda organic zvinhu.

Iyo yakaderera-yekushisa hunhu hweiyo okisijeni yemvura inoda midziyo yakakosha uye zviyero panguva yekuchengetedza uye yekufambisa, sekushandisa yakaderera-yekushisa insulated midziyo kudzivirira kupisa kutamisa. Haina hwema uye haina ruvara, asi nekuda kwekudzika kwayo zvakanyanya, okisijeni yemvura inogona kukonzera chando uye dzimwe njodzi kumuviri wemunhu, saka kutarisirwa kwakanyanya kunodiwa panguva yekushanda.

Kugadzira uye kugadzira nzira yemvura okisijeni

Kugadzirwa kweokisijeni yemvura kunowanzo tora tekinoroji yakadzika ye cryogenic air separation, inova nzira yekuparadzanisa zvikamu zvemhepo kuburikidza nekudzika-tembiricha kutonhora uye kudzvanya kwakanaka. Nheyo yekutanga yeyakadzika cryogenic kuparadzaniswa kwemhepo ndeyekuparadzanisa zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemhepo zvichibva pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvekubikira. Kutanga, mhepo inomanikidzwa, zvino kuburikidza nematanho akawanda ekuwedzera uye kutonhora, mhepo zvishoma nezvishoma inosvika kune yakaderera zvakanyanya tembiricha, uye pakupedzisira oxygen inoparadzaniswa kubva mumhepo uye yakanyungudutswa. Kugadzirwa kweokisijeni yemvura kunoda masisitimu ekutonhodza anoshanda uye michina yekuchenesa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchena uye kugadzikana kweokisijeni yemvura.

Deep cryogenic air separation tekinoroji haingogone kuburitsa okisijeni yemvura chete asi panguva imwe chete kuwana mamwe magasi ekudziya-pasi akadai semvura nitrogen uye liquid argon. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvakare zvine hupamhi hwekushandisa muindasitiri. Iyo yakanyanya kuchena uye yakaderera-yekushisa maitiro emvura okisijeni inoita kuti ive yakakosha mune akawanda akakosha maindasitiri ekushandisa.

Iyo mikuru yekushandisa minda yemvura okisijeni

Liquid okisijeni ine mashandisirwo akakura mumaindasitiri mazhinji. Chekutanga, mumunda wemuchadenga, okisijeni yemvura ndeimwe yeanowanzo shandiswa rocket oxidants, sezvo iine yakakwira okisijeni yemukati uye kugona kwerubatsiro rwekupisa, iyo inogona kuita nemafuta nekukasira kuburitsa huwandu hukuru hwesimba kufambisa kuvhurwa kweroketi. Iko kusanganiswa kweokisijeni yemvura uye hydrogen yemvura inonzi imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa rocket propellants, uye kusundidzira kwayo kwakasimba uye kuita kwakanakisa kunoita kuti ifarirwe zvakanyanya muhunyanzvi hwemuchadenga.

Chechipiri, munharaunda yekurapa, okisijeni yemvura inoshandiswa seyakakosha sosi yeokisijeni. Liquid okisijeni inochengeterwa patembiricha yakaderera uye inofefeterwa kuti ishandiswe seokisijeni yekurapa, ichibatsira varwere vane dambudziko rekufema kuti vawane oxygen yakakwana. Pamusoro pezvo, okisijeni yemvura inoita basa rakakosha musimbi, engineering yemakemikari, uye mamwe minda, kunyanya mukupisa-tembiricha yekupisa uye makemikari synthesis maitiro, uko kugona kwayo kwakasimba oxidizing kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya.

Chengetedzo yekudzivirira yemvura okisijeni

Kunyangwe okisijeni yemvura ine maapplication akafara, nekuda kwekukwirira kwayo kwekuita uye kuderera-tembiricha maitiro, kune dzimwe njodzi dzekuchengetedza. Chekutanga, okisijeni yemvura ine oxidant yakasimba, iyo inogona kukurumidza kupisa, saka inofanirwa kudzivirirwa kubva pakusangana nezvinhu zvinopisa panguva yekuchengetedza uye kushandiswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, tembiricha yakadzika kwazvo yeokisijeni yemvura inogona kukonzera chando, saka midziyo yekudzivirira yakakodzera senge magirovhosi asingatonhore nemasks inofanirwa kupfekwa panguva yekushanda kweokisijeni yemvura kudzivirira kukuvara kweganda nemaziso.

Kuchengetwa kweokisijeni yemvura kunoda zvakagadzirirwa midziyo yakaderera-yekushisa, iyo inowanzova yakanaka yekudzivirira kudzivirira kupisa kwekunze kusapinda uye kuita kuti kupisa kweokisijeni yemvura kusimuke. Uye zvakare, panguva ye vaporization process yemvura okisijeni, inokurumidza kuwedzera uye kuburitsa yakawandisa okisijeni, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukuwedzera kweokisijeni yemukati nharaunda, ichiwedzera njodzi yemoto. Naizvozvo, panguva yekuchengetera uye kutakura kweokisijeni yemvura, mirairo yekuchengetedza yakakodzera inofanirwa kutevedzwa zvakanyanya kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedza nzvimbo yekushanda uye kufefetera.

Kuenzanisa kweokisijeni yemvura nemamwe magasi emaindasitiri

Liquid okisijeni, senge nitrogen yemvura uye argon yemvura, inogovera zvimwe zvakafanana zvemuviri, asi pane misiyano yakakura mukushandiswa uye zvivakwa. Nzvimbo yekubikira yenitrogen yemvura ndeye -196 ℃, iyo yakadzikira pane yeokisijeni yemvura, saka mvura nitrogen inowanzo shandiswa seanotonhodza, nepo okisijeni yemvura, nekuda kwekusimba kwayo oxidizing zvimiro, inowanzoshandiswa seyamuro yekupisa kana oxidant. Uyezve, mvura argon, segasi inert, haigoni kuita nezvimwe zvinhu panguva yemakemikari uye inonyanya kushandiswa kuchengetedza mhepo. Nepo okisijeni yemvura, nekuda kwekukwira kwayo kwekuita zvakare, inowanzoshandiswa mumakemikari synthesis uye maitiro ekupisa.

Pakati peaya magasi emaindasitiri, okisijeni yemvura yakasarudzika nekuda kweiyo yakasimba oxidizing pfuma, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu anoda kupisa kwakanaka uye kwakanyanya oxidation maitiro. Hunhu hweakasiyana magasi emaindasitiri anovagonesa kutamba mabasa akakosha mundima dzavo dzekushandisa.

Hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza uye kusimba kwemvura okisijeni

Kunyangwe okisijeni yemvura, segasi rekumaindasitiri, iine reactivity yakakwira mukushandiswa, haikonzere kusvibiswa kune nharaunda mune essence. Oxygen, sechikamu chakakosha chemhepo, zvigadzirwa zvayo zvekupedzisira mukuita maitiro zvinowanzova zvisingakuvadzi zvakadai semvura kana carbon dioxide. Nekudaro, kugadzirwa kweokisijeni yemvura kunoda huwandu hukuru hwesimba, kunyanya mukutonhora kwakadzika kwekuparadzanisa maitiro, saka kuvandudza kushanda kwesimba rekugadzirwa kweokisijeni yemvura kwakakosha zvikuru kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.

Nekushandisa zvakanyanya mashandiro emidziyo uye kuvandudza mafambiro ekuyerera, zvinokwanisika kudzikisira mashandisiro esimba uku uchideredza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwekugadzirwa kweokisijeni yemvura. Nekuvandudzwa kwegirinhi simba tekinoroji, kugadzirwa kweokisijeni yemvura kunotarisirwa kuwedzera kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza uye kugadzikana mune ramangwana, ichipa yakachena sosi yeokisijeni yekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri nehupenyu hwevanhu. Mhedziso

Liquid okisijeni, semhando yemvura yeokisijeni, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri, aerospace, uye hutano hwehutano nekuda kweiyo yakasarudzika zvimiro uye yakasimba oxidizing hunhu. Kunyangwe kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kweokisijeni yemvura kuchida matanho ekuchengetedza akasimba, basa rayo rakakosha muminda yakawanda haridzoreki. Mune ramangwana, nekuenderera mberi kwekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kweokisijeni yemvura kunotarisirwa kuve kwakanyatsoshanda uye kune hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza, nekudaro kuita zvirinani zvinodiwa munharaunda.

Isu tiri mugadziri uye mutengesi wemhepo yekuparadzanisa unit. Kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezvedu:

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